锻压技术

汽车万向节十字轴闭式锻造工艺优化及试验验证

英文标题：Optimization and experimental verification on closed forging process for automotive universal joint cross shaft

作者：李俊涛宋蒙蒙刘顺华

分类号：TH164

出版年,卷(期):页码：2025,50(8):39-47

摘要：

为提升企业市场竞争力，根据十字轴零件的结构特征及冷锻工艺学理论，提出了两种冷成形方案，包括单凸模闭式模锻工艺及双凸模半闭式模锻工艺。采用DEFORM软件建立了20Cr钢锻材的流动应力模型，并分别完成了两种工艺过程的数值模拟；研究了十字轴一次成形的可行性，分析比较了成形过程中的金属流动规律、温度场、成形力及合模力等，完成了双凸模半闭式模锻工艺下的微观组织仿真，并进行了锻造试验及金相试验。结果表明：采用双凸模半闭式模锻工艺，材料流动更为均匀，金属流线更为合理，工件不易产生缺陷；成形过程中，温度场分布更为均匀，心部温度较高，上、下表面温差较小，对工件成形质量影响较小；成形锻件时所需成形力及合模力更小，有利于延长模具使用寿命。锻造及金相试验与仿真结果完全相符，验证了仿真结果的准确性。

In order to enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises, based on the structural characteristics of cross shaft parts and cold forging technology theory, two cold forming schemes were proposed, including single-punch closed die forging process and double-punch semi-closed die forging process. Then, the flow stress model of 20Cr steel was established by software DEFORM, and numerical simulation of two processes were conducted. Furthermore, the feasibility of one-time forming for the cross shaft was studied, and the metal flow law, temperature field, forming force and clamping force during the forming process were analyzed and compared. Finally, the microstructure simulation of the double-punch semi-closed die forging process was completed, and the forging and metallographic tests were carried out. The results show that by the double-punch semi-closed die forging process, the material flow is more uniform, the metal streamline is more reasonable, and the workpiece is less likely to have defects. In the forming process, the temperature field distribution is more uniform, with a relatively high temperature at core and a small temperature difference between the upper and lower surfaces, which has less impact on the forming quality of the workpiece. The forming force and clamping force required for forming forgings are smaller, which is more conducive to extending the service life of die. The forging and metallographic tests are completely consistent with the simulation results, verifying the accuracy of the simulation result.

基金项目：

2025年度河南省软科学研究计划项目（252400411123）；2024年度许昌市重点研发与推广专项（科技攻关）（2024017）

作者简介：李俊涛(1987-)，男，学士，讲师 E-mail：15516747007@163.com

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