锻压技术

奥氏体不锈钢阀体锻造工艺

英文标题：Forging process for austenitic stainless steel valve body

单位：1.洛阳中重铸锻有限责任公司 2.智能矿山重型装备全国重点实验室 3.中信重工机械股份有限公司

分类号：TG316.2

出版年,卷(期):页码：2025,50(7):50-56

摘要：

为解决316L奥氏体不锈钢大锻件超声波探伤检测出现的草状回波缺陷问题，通过对存在草状回波缺陷的阀体锻件进行本体解剖取样、金相分析，确定了超声波探伤草状回波缺陷是由锻件内部混晶、晶粒粗大引起的。依据锻造动态再结晶和晶粒静态长大机制，在原锻造工艺基础上提出优化方案。通过降低锻造加热温度、缩短锻造加热保温时间、增大锻造变形量和提高锻造变形均匀性、控制终锻温度在相变温度以下等措施，提升锻件内部锻透程度，减小内部组织差异化，使得锻件晶粒粗大和混晶的问题得到改善，解决了316L奥氏体不锈钢大锻件超声波探伤出现草状回波缺陷的难题。

To address the issue of grass-like echo defects in ultrasonic testing for large 316L austenitic stainless steel forgings, it was determined that the grass-like echo defects in ultrasonic testing were caused by mixed grains and coarse grains in the forgings through cross-sectional sampling and metallographic analysis of the valve body forgings exhibiting grass-like echo defects. Based on the mechanisms of dynamic recrystallization during forging and grain static growth mechanism, an optimized forging process was proposed based on the original process. By reducing the forging heating temperature, shortening the heating and holding time, increasing the forging deformation and improving deformation uniformity, and controlling the final forging temperature below the phase transformation temperature, the internal forging penetration was enhanced, the microstructural differentiation was reduced, and the issues of coarse grains and mixed grains in the forgings were effectively mitigated. Consequently, the challenge of grass-like echo defects in ultrasonic testing for large 316L austenitic stainless steel forgings was successfully resolved.

基金项目：

河南省重点研发专项（231111230400）

作者简介：孙长波（1985-），男，学士，工程师 E-mail：suuchangbo@126.com 通信作者：董超（1993-），男，硕士 E-mail：1258324985@qq.com

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