锻压技术

基于锻透性和变形均匀性的车轴径向锻造工艺参数优化

英文标题：Optimization on radial forging process parameters of axle based on forging permeability and deformation uniformity

作者：李彦柟闫雪婷陈慧琴任明明吴海英

单位：1.太原科技大学材料科学与工程学院 2.山西省法兰基础件成形技术创新中心 3.晋西车轴股份有限公司

关键词：径向锻造锻透性压下量转角细匀化

分类号：TG335

出版年,卷(期):页码：2025,50(7):1-9

摘要：

以车轴径向锻造工艺为研究对象，阐明了圆柱钢坯轴头和轴身在径向锻造过程中的金属流动规律和应变分布特征，提出采用平砧横镦圆断面轴的锻透条件计算锤头锻打接触各点的锻透状态。在此基础上，计算获得了钢坯径向锻造的最小转角约为13.3°。道次压下量的选择既要满足大于锻透条件要求的最小压下量，同时又要满足锻件组织性能要求的道次压下量。以完成道次动态再结晶或道次间静态再结晶需要的道次压下量为依据，合理设计了将Φ256 mm钢坯锻打成轴身和轴颈尺寸分别为Φ219和Φ150 mm的非动力车轴的道次数和道次压下量分配，获得了细小均匀的再结晶晶粒组织，实现了车轴晶粒的细匀化。

For the radial forging process of axle, the metal flow laws and strain distribution characteristics of axle head and axle body for cylindrical steel billet during the radial forging process were illustrated, and the forging penetration state of each contact point during hammer forging was calculated by using the forging penetration condition of circular cross-section axle by horizontal flat anvil. Then, on this basis, the minimum rotation angle for the radial forging of steel billet was calculated to be 13.3°, and the selection of pass reduction ensured not only greater than the minimum reduction required by the forging penetration conditions, but also met the pass reduction required by the microstructure and performance of forgings. Furthermore, based on the pass reduction required to complete the dynamic recrystallization of the pass or the static recrystallization between passes, the number of passes and the pass reduction distribution for forging the Φ256 mm steel billet into a non-powered axle with the axle body size of Φ219 mm and the axle neck size of Φ150 mm were reasonably designed, and the refinement and uniform recrystallization grain structure was obtained, achieving the refinement and homogenization of the axle grains.

基金项目：

太原市关键核心技术攻关“揭榜挂帅”项目（2024TYJB0108）

作者简介：李彦柟（2001-），女，硕士研究生 E-mail：17731377609@163.com 通信作者：陈慧琴（1968-），女，博士，教授 E-mail：chenhuiqin@tyust.edu.cn

参考文献：

[1]张洪奎，陈新建，王文革,等.径向锻造技术的应用[J].宝钢技术,2005（5）:15-17.

Zhang H K, Chen X J, Wang W G,et al. Application of radial forging technology[J].Baosteel Technology,2005（5）:15-17.

[2]杨震,王炳正,宋道春,等.径向锻造设备与工艺综述[J].锻压装备与制造技术,2018,53(6):27-30.

Yang Z, Wang B Z, Song D C, et al. A Review of radial forging equipment and technology[J]. China Metalforming Equipment & Manufacturing Technology, 2018, 53(6): 27-30.

[3]Zou J F,Ma L F, Jia W T, et al. Microstructural and mechanical response of ZK60 magnesium alloy subjected to radial forging[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology,2021,83(24):228-238.

[4]马鹏举,兰小龙,王文杰,等. 精锻机专用控制系统的设计与实现 [J]. 锻压技术,2023，48(2):149-160.

Ma P J, Lan X L, Wang W J, et al. Design and realization on special control system for precision forging press [J]. Forging & Stamping Technology, 2023, 48(2):149-160.

[5]胡宗式. 精锻钛合金棒材的锻透性[J].钛工业进展,2000(5):15-18.

Hu Z S. Forging penetration of titanium alloy bars [J]. Titanium Industry Progress, 2000(5):15-18.

[6]周旭东,戴晓珑,王国宜,等.基于刚塑性有限元的GFM精锻锻透性仿真[J].河南科技大学学报,2006,27(2):1-3.

Zhou X D, Dai X L, Wang G Y, et al. Simulation of GFM precision forging penetration based on rigid-plastic finite element method [J]. Journal of Henan University of Science and Technology, 2006, 27(2): 1-3.

[7]董节功,周旭东,高全德,等.径向锻造三维成形锻透性的数值模拟[J].机械工程材料,2007,31(3):76-78.

Dong J G, Zhou X D, Gao Q D, et al. Numerical simulation of threedimensional forging penetration in radial forging[J]. Mechanical Engineering Materials, 2007, 31(3): 76-78.

[8]栾谦聪.径向锻造工艺参数对锻透性的影响[J].中国机械工程,2014,25(22):3098-3103.

Luan Q C. The effect of radial forging process parameters on forging penetration[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 25(22): 3098-3103.

[9]李汉,周旭东,郭俊峰,等.45钢轴类零件径向锻造的锻透性分析[J].热加工工艺,2014,43(19):125-130.

Li H, Zhou X D, Guo J F, et al. Analysis of forging penetration for 45 steel shaft parts in radial forging[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2014, 43(19): 125-130.

[10]孔永华,胡华斌,李龙,等. GH4169 合金不同锻造工艺的组织与性能[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程,2011(S2):225- 228.

Kong Y H, Hu H B, Li L, et al. GH4169 organization and performance of different forging processes of alloy [J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2011 (S2): 225-228

[11]沈立华,胡革全,袁红军,等. 锻造温度对TA5 径向锻造棒材组织及性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2022,51(11):95-97.

Shen L H, Hu G Q, Yuan H J, et al. The effect of forging temperature on the microstructure and properties of TA5 radial forging bars [J]. Hot Working Technology, 2022, 51(11): 95-97.

[12]邹景峰，马立峰.径锻压下率对镁棒热力参数及组织演变的影响[J].精密成形工程，2021，13(6)：84-90.

Zou J F, Ma L F. The effect of forging reduction on the thermal parameters and microstructure evolution of magnesium rods [J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2021, 13(6): 84-90.

[13]张超,赵升吨,邢轲,等. 重卡传动轴用高强7075铝合金热流变行为及径向锻造微观组织演变[J].西安交通大学学报,2024,58(8):124-135.

Zhang C, Zhao S D, Xing K, et al. Thermal rheological behavior and radial forging microstructure evolution of highstrength 7075

aluminum alloy for heavy truck drive shafts [J]. Journal of Xi′an Jiaotong University, 2024, 58(8): 124-135.

[14]肖强,朱宁芳,李俊洪,等.径向锻造GH1016 合金圆棒晶粒不均匀的改善方法[J].塑性工程学报,2019,26(4):69-77.

Xiao Q, Zhu N F, Li J H, et al. Improvement method for grain inhomogeneity of radial forged GH1016 alloy rods [J]. Journal of Plasticity Engineering, 2019, 26(4): 69-77.

[15]曹中源.车轴用EA4T钢微观组织演化模型的构建及其在锻造工艺设计中的应用[D]. 上海：上海交通大学,2019.

Cao Z Y. Construction of Microstructure Evolution Model for EA4T Steel Used in Axle and Its Application in Forging Process Design[D].Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2019.

[16]Timin V A.径向锻造时的塑性流动力学[J]. 锻压技术,1989,14(5):1-6.

Timin V A. Plastic flow dynamics during radial forging [J]. Forging & Stamping Technology, 1989,14(5):1-6.

[17]俞汉清，陈金德.金属塑性成型原理[M].北京：机械工业出版社，1999.

Yu H Q, Chen J D. Principles of Metal Plastic Forming [M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 1999.

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【加入收藏】