Based on the boundary density evolution method and energy homogenization method, a new zero Poisson′s ratio metamaterial was designed, and the static simulation compression experiments on metamaterials with different volume fractions were conducted by finite element software ABAQUS to verify the zero Poisson′s ratio characteristics of the material. Then, the dynamic response and energy absorption characteristics of uniform zero Poisson′s ratio metamaterials and gradient zero Poisson′s ratio metamaterials under impact loads were investigated by using the display dynamics finite element method. The research results show that under low-speed and medium-speed impact loads, the gradient zero Poisson′s ratio metamaterial has more uniform deformation characteristics and higher initial stress values. As the impact speed increases, the energy absorption effect of the two zero Poisson′s ratio metamaterials becomes better. Under medium-speed and high-speed impacts, the oscillation amplitude of engineering stress-engineering strain curve of the material increases significantly. Under the experimental impact speed, the specific energy absorption of the gradient zero Poisson′s ratio metamaterials in the second half is higher than that of the uniform zero Poisson′s ratio metamaterials, indicating that the gradient zero Poisson′s ratio metamaterials can absorb and dissipate the energy more efficiently when subjected to impact.