锻压技术

超声振动对6061铝合金管材扩口成形过程及质量的影响

英文标题：Influence of ultrasonic vibration on expansion forming process and quality for 6061 aluminum alloy tube

单位：(1.西安科技大学机械工程学院陕西西安 710054 2.西安科技大学安全工程学院陕西西安 710054)

分类号：TG376.9

出版年,卷(期):页码：2025,50(4):56-68

摘要：

探讨了小口径铝合金管材扩口成形过程中，高振幅超声振动和不同扩口速度对其成形精度和表面质量的影响。首先，利用特制超声振动扩口成形实验设备，分析不同振幅和扩口速度对成形载荷、壁厚减薄率和回弹量的影响。其次，通过SEM和LCM的微观观测，评价成形后铝合金管材的表面质量，并通过显微硬度仪测试管材的硬度变化。结果显示：成形载荷、壁厚减薄率和回弹量的降幅以及显微硬度随超声振幅的增加而先增加后减小，表面粗糙度随振幅的增加而减小；扩口速度对成形载荷、成形精度和表面质量的影响并不显著。超声振动不仅可以降低成形载荷，还能提高铝合金管材的成形精度和表面质量。

Abstract: The influences of high amplitude ultrasonic vibration and different expansion speeds on the forming accuracy and surface quality of small-diameter aluminum alloy tubes were explored during the expansion process. Firstly， using a specially designed forming experiment equipment for ultrasonic vibration expansion， the influences of different amplitudes and expansion speeds on forming load， wall thickness

thinning rate and springback amount were analyzed. Secondly， the surface quality of the formed aluminum alloy tube was evaluated by SEM and LCM microscopic observations， and the microhardness variations of tube were tested by using a microhardness tester. The results show that the decrease of forming load， wall thickness thinning rate and springback amount as well as microhardness increase firstly and then decrease with the increasing of ultrasonic amplitude， while the surface roughness decreases with the increasing of amplitude. The influences of expansion speed on the forming load， forming accuracy and surface quality are not significant. Thus， ultrasonic vibration not only reduces the forming load but also improves the forming accuracy and surface quality of aluminum alloy tubes.

基金项目：

基金项目:陕西省创新人才推进计划-科技创新团队(2021TD-27)；国家自然科学基金资助项目(51705416)

作者简介：钟斌（1984-），男，博士，副教授

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