锻压技术

锻造和热处理工艺对35CrNi3MoV锻件冲击性能的影响

英文标题：Effect of forging and heat treatment process on impact properties of 35CrNi3MoV forgings

作者：王莹莹刘海江赵文斌王星刘琳

分类号：TG316

出版年,卷(期):页码：2025,50(3):137-143

摘要：

为探究某35CrNi3MoV精锻件冲击性能不合格的原因，利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜分别对钢锭组织、自由锻和精锻两种成形方式生产的同一产品锻坯的调质态显微组织进行对比观察和分析。结果表明:钢锭组织中有明显的枝晶偏析；自由锻成形的锻件经调质后的组织均匀细小；而精锻成形的锻件调质态显微组织中有明显的带状组织特征，且粗细不均匀，并存在沿晶的大尺寸含V碳化物。据此改进了锻件生产工艺，提高精锻工艺的锻造温度和保温时间，并由原来的两道次成形改为一道次成形，锻后预备热处理由低温退火改为先奥氏体化加热保温后降至低温保温退火的工艺，经调质后锻件的冲击性能得到了明显改善，解决了35CrNi3MoV锻件冲击韧性不足的难题。

In order to investigate the cause of unqualified impact performance for 35CrNi3MoV steel precision forgings, the microstructure of ingot and the quenched-and-tempered microstructures of steel billet for the same product produced by free forging and precision forging were observed and analyzed by metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results show that there is obvious dendritic segregation in the structure of ingot. The forgings formed by free forging have uniform and fine microstructure after quenching and tempering, while the forgings formed by precision forging have obvious banded structure characteristics in the quenched and tempered microstructure, the coarseness is uneven, containing large-sized V-containing carbides along the grain boundaries. Based on this, the forging production process is improved, the forging temperature and holding time of precision forging process are increased, and the original two-pass forming is changed to one-pass forming. At last, the preparatory heat treatment after forging is changed from low temperature annealing to austenitizing heating and holding and then lowering to low-temperature holding annealing. Thus, the impact performance of the forgings is significantly improved after quenching and tempering, resolving the problem of insufficient impact toughness of 35CrNi3MoV steel forgings.

基金项目：

国防基础科研计划（JCKY2022208A002）

作者简介：王莹莹（1982-），女，硕士，高级工程师 E-mail：yy1257@qq.com 通信作者：刘海江（1979-），男，硕士，正高工 E-mail：13848522181@163.com

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