锻压技术

12Cr2Mo1大型钢锭锻造裂纹分析与控制

英文标题：Analysis and control of forging cracks for 12Cr2Mo1 large ingots

作者：宋玉冰1 2 陈明1 2 郭彪1 2 郭锐涛1 2 于保宁1 2 徐航涛1 2

分类号：TG316

出版年,卷(期):页码：2021,46(10):49-55

摘要：

12Cr2Mo1大型钢锭在锻造生产过程中经常发生开裂现象，对锻造生产过程和锻件质量造成了很大影响。通过试验分析，在裂纹试样断口上观察到大量的球状颗粒物，经能谱分析确定其为夹杂物。制备金相试样，观察裂纹区域夹杂物的分布状态和金相组织，发现沿裂纹线分布有大量细小夹杂物。同时，发现裂纹线附近区域的晶粒比正常区域小，分析其原因为：细小夹杂物钉扎晶界，阻碍了裂纹区域晶粒在锻造高温状态下的长大，从而产生了混晶现象。另外，裂纹线附近区域因脱碳存在大量铁素体，导致在锻造过程中裂纹更易扩展。通过扫描电镜和能谱分析，进一步确认了金相试样裂纹区域的夹杂物同断口中的夹杂物同为MnO-Cr2O3复合夹杂物。结合分析结果制定了夹杂物和有害元素的控制措施，并通过研究分析12Cr2Mo1大型钢锭的高温强度和塑性，确定了该材质的易裂敏感温度区间。

12Cr2Mo1 large ingots often crack during the forging production process, which has a great impact on the forging production process and the quality of forgings. A large number of spherical particles were observed in the fracture of crack specimen through test analysis. It was identified as inclusion by energy spectrum analysis. Metallographic samples were prepared to observe the distribution of inclusions and the microstructure in the crack area. A large number of small inclusions were found along the crack line. At the same time, it was found that the grain in the area near the crack line was smaller than that in the normal area. The reason was that the small inclusions were pinned on the grain boundaries and hindered the growth of the grains in the crack area under the forging high temperature state, resulting in a mixed crystal phenomenon. In addition, there were a lot of ferrite in the area near the crack line due to decarburization, and the crack propagation was easier in the forging process. Through scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis, the fact that the inclusions in the crack area on the metallographic sample and the inclusions in the fracture were both MnO-Cr2O3 composite inclusions had been further confirmed. Combining the analysis results, the control measures for inclusions and harmful elements were formulated, and through the research and analysis of the high temperature strength and plasticity of 12Cr2Mo1 large ingots, the crack sensitive temperature range of the material was determined.

基金项目：

作者简介：宋玉冰（1972-），男，学士，高级工程师 E-mail：sybclf@126.com 通信作者：陈明（1985-），男，学士，工程师 E-mail：chenming123citic@163.com

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