锻压技术

大型6061铝合金锥筒形件成形及组织与性能研究

英文标题：Research on forming, microstructure and properties of large-scale cone-cylinder part for 6061 aluminum alloy

分类号：TG312

出版年,卷(期):页码：2021,46(9):216-223

摘要：

借助Deform3D成形模拟结合工程化实验，对复杂尺寸6061铝合金锥筒形件（内径、外径和高度分别为Φ500、Φ630和1752 mm）展开了撑拉成形工艺研究，对成形后的6061铝合金锥筒形件展开热处理强化研究，同时完成了金相组织分析、XRD衍射检测和室温拉伸实验。研究表明：6061铝合金锥筒形件的终成形凸模选用等距母线形锥形头，所受应力更加均匀，有效降低了构件成形应变不均匀指数（0.89）和设备所需载荷（24600 kN）；热处理后，由于Fe融入到基体中，析出大量强化相Mg2Si及MnAl6，使得6061铝合金锥筒形件的力学性能大幅提升，其中，抗拉强度与屈服强度分别达到335.45和240 MPa，比热处理前有大幅度提高，断后伸长率为18%。

The bulging process of 6061 aluminum alloy cone cylindrical part with complex dimensions,sucn as the inner diameter of Φ500 mm, the outer diameter of Φ630 mm and the height of 1752 mm, was studied by Deform-3D forming simulation combined with engineering experiments. Then, the research on heat treatment strengthening of formed 6061 aluminum alloy cone-cylinder part was conducted, and metallographic analysis, XRD diffraction detection and room temperature tensile experiment were completed. The results show that the final forming punch of 6061 aluminum alloy cone-cylinder part adopts equidistant bus-shaped tapered head, which is subjected to more uniform stress and effectively reduces strain unevenness index which is 0.89 of component forming and required load of equipment which is 24600 kN. After heat treatment, because Fe is incorporated into the matrix, a large number of strengthening phases Mg2Si and MnAl6 are precipitated, which greatly improve the mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy cone-cylinder part. Finally, the tensile strength and yield strength reach 335.45 and 240 MPa, respectively, which are larger than those before heat treatment, and the elongation rate after fracture is 18%.

基金项目：

山西省自然科学基金资助项目（201801D121106）

李国俊（1969-），男，硕士，教授级高工 E-mail：liguojun@126.com 通信作者：薛勇（1978-），男，博士，教授 E-mail：xueyong@nuc.edu.cn

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