网站首页期刊简介编委会过刊目录投稿指南广告合作征订与发行联系我们English
基于减小热处理畸变的20CrMnMoH高性能齿轮预先热处理工艺
英文标题:Pre-heat treatment process of 20CrMnMoH high performance gear based on reducing heat treatment distortion
作者:张义帅 孙红星 张超  刘光辉 刘忠明 郑晓华 刘华 
单位:1.机械科学研究总院 郑州机械研究所有限公司 2.西安交通大学 机械工程学院  3.太原科技大学 材料科学与工程学院 
关键词:高性能齿轮 热处理畸变 预先热处理 组织转变 残余应力 
分类号:TG156
出版年,卷(期):页码:2021,46(3):184-191
摘要:

 采用理论分析和实验研究相结合的方法,对20CrMnMoH齿轮钢在预先热处理过程中产生贝氏体非平衡组织的现象进行了分析研究。结果表明:20CrMnMoH齿轮钢在常规预先热处理过程中的冷却速度无法控制,过冷奥氏体进行非平衡组织转变,容易得到贝氏体等非平衡组织。根据贝氏体等非平衡组织的组织遗传效应,结合过冷奥氏体等温转变的原理和机制,设计了两次等温正火预先热处理工艺,首次等温正火预先热处理完成了非平衡组织到平衡组织的转变,二次等温正火预先热处理实现了晶粒的细化和均匀化。通过工艺优化控制实现了齿轮锻件的金相组织为1~2级、同批次不同齿轮锻件硬度差≤5 HB的技术指标。成品齿轮的精度可以达到6 级,验证了预先热处理对减小齿轮热处理畸变、提高齿轮精度的有效性。

 The phenomenon of non-equilibrium microstructure for bainite produced in the pre-heat treatment process of gear steel 20CrMnMoH was analzed and studied by the method combining theoretical analysis and experimental research. The results show that the cooling rate of gear steel 20CrMnMoH in the conventional pre-heat treatment process cannot be controlled, and the undercooled austenite is easily transformed into bainite and other nonequilibrium structures. According to the structure genetic effects of bainite and other non-equilibrium microstructure, combining with the principle and mechanism of isothermal transformation for undercooled austenite, two times of pre-heat treatment process for isothermal normalizing were designed. Furthermore, the first pre-heat treatment of isothermal normalizing completes the transformation from the non-equilibrium microstructure to the equilibrium microstructure, and the second pre-heat treatment of isothermal normalizing realizes grain refinement and homogenization. Through the process optimization and control, the technical indicators of the metallographic structure of 1-2 grades for gear forgings and the hardness difference of different gear forgings in the same batch ≤5 HB are achieved. The accuracy of finished gear is detected up to level 6, which verifies the effectiveness of pre-heat treatment to reduce the heat treatment distortion of gear and improve the accuracy of gear. 

基金项目:
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFB2001300);郑州市重大科技专项(152PZDZX007)
作者简介:
张义帅(1984-),男,博士研究生 E-mail:zhangyishuai@bit.edu.cn 通讯作者:刘华(1962-),男,博士,研究员 E-mail:pformdept@163.com
参考文献:

 [1]Li W, Liu B S.Experimental investigation on the effect of shot peening on contact fatigue strength for carburized and quenched gears[J].International Journal of Fatigue, 2018, 106:103-113.


 


[2]Li W, Deng S, Liu B S.Experimental study on the influence of different carburized layer depth on gear contact fatigue strength[J].Engineering Failure Analysis, 2019, 107:104225.


 


[3]Gebura A, Klysz S, Tokarski T.Monitoring wear of gear wheel of helicopter transmission using the FAM-C and FDM-A methods[J].Procedia Structural Integrity, 2019, 16:184-191.


 


[4]Yeo H.Design and aeromechanics investigation of compound helicopters[J].Aerospace Science and Technology, 2019, 88:158-173.


 


[5]Xia C J, Wang S L, Ma C, et al.Crucial geometric error compensation towards gear grinding accuracy enhancement based on simplified actual inverse kinematic model[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2020, 169:105319.


 


[6]Sun S Y, Tang J Y, Tang Y L, et al.Simulation study on the effect of pre-cooling quenching process on deformation of half axle gear after heat treatment[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission, 2018, 42(5):1-7.


 


[7]Farivar H, Prahl U, Hans M, et al.Microstructural adjustment of carburized steel components towards reducing the quenching-induced distortion[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2019, 264: 313-327.


 


[8]Beak J M, Cho Y R, Kim D J, et al.Plasma carburizing process for the low distortion of automobile gears[J].Surface and Coatings Technology, 2000, 131(1-3): 568-573.


 


[9]Zhang P, Zhang F C, Wang T S.Preparation and microstructure characteristics of low-temperature bainite in surface layer of low carbon gear steel[J].Applied Surface Science, 2011, 257(17):7609-7614.


 


[10]刘宗昌.材料组织结构转变原理[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2006.


 


Liu Z C.Principle of Material Structure Transformation[M].Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press2006.


 


[11]张义帅,孙红星,刘丹,等.过冷奥氏体等温转变在转向轴齿预先热处理中的应用[J].锻压技术,201944(9)167-171.


 


Zhang Y S, Sun H X, Liu D, et al.Application of overcooling austenite isothermal transformation in pre-heat treatment for steering shaft tooth [J].Forging & Stamping Technology, 2019,44(9):167-171.


 


[12]张民.材料热处理对推土机重载齿轮弯曲疲劳性能影响研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2018.


 


Zhang M.Effect of Materials and Heat Treatment on the Bending Fatigue Properties of Heavy-load Bulldozer Gears[D].Hefei: Hefei University of Technology,2018.


 


[13]黄金宝.重载传动齿轮钢淬透性及相变变形规律的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2017.


 


Huang J B.Research on the Hardenability and Phase Transformation Behavior of Heavy Transmission Gear Steel[D].Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University,2017.


 


[14]Huang K, Yang W Y, Ye X M.Adjustment of machining-induced residual stress based on parameter inversion[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2018, 135: 43-52.


 


[15]Llanos I, Aurrekoetxea M, Agirre A, et al.On-machine characterization of bulk residual stresses on machining blanks[J].Procedia CIRP, 2019, 82: 406-410.


 


[16]Wang Z B, Sun J F, Liu L B, et al.An analytical model to predict the machining deformation of frame parts caused by residual stress[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2019, 274:116282.


 


[17]Zhang W Q, Wang X L, Hu Y J, et al.Predictive modelling of microstructure changes, micro-hardness and residual stress in machining of 304 austenitic stainless steel[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2018, 130-131: 36-48.


 


[18]郭培燕.高速切削加工表面残余应力的分析和模拟[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2007.


 


Guo P Y.Analysis and Simulation of Residual Stresses in Machined Layer for High Speed Machining[D].Qingdao: Shandong University of Science and Technology, 2007.


 


[19]刘文文.机械加工表面残余应力的有限元模拟与实验研究[D].南京: 南京航空航天大学,2012.


 


Liu W W.Finite Element Simulation and Experiment of Residual Stress in Machined Surface[D].Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.


 


[20]André Luiz Rocha D’Oliveira, Rego R R, Faria A R D.Residual stresses prediction in machining: Hybrid FEM enhanced by assessment of plastic flow[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2020, 275: 116332.


 


[21]Bilkhu R, Soberanis S A, Pinna C, et al.Machining distortion in asymmetrical residual stress profiles[J].Procedia CIRP, 2019, 82:395-399.

服务与反馈:
文章下载】【加入收藏
《锻压技术》编辑部版权所有

中国机械工业联合会主管  中国机械总院集团北京机电研究所有限公司 中国机械工程学会主办
联系地址:北京市海淀区学清路18号 邮编:100083
电话:+86-010-82415085 传真:+86-010-62920652
E-mail: fst@263.net(稿件) dyjsjournal@163.com(广告)
京ICP备07007000号-9