锻压技术

3Cr2W8V钢热作模具开裂原因分析

英文标题：Analysis on cracking reasons of hotworking die for 3Cr2W8V steel

作者：吉国强邓炽恒于丽娟

单位：广东省测试分析研究所（中国广州分析测试中心）广东省质量监督紧固件检验站（韶关）

分类号：TG147

出版年,卷(期):页码：2019,44(8):150-157

摘要：

采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、金相显微镜和冲击试验机等分析设备，观察和检测了3Cr2W8V钢热作模具失效件及正常件的断口形貌、金相组织及冲击韧性等。结果表明：由于模具原材料前期冶炼不当，造成元素偏析严重，组织不均匀，出现较多带状分布的碳化物；同时，由于冶炼后期添加稀土元素操作不当而导致非金属夹杂物B类级别超标，材料脆性显著增强；失效件的冲击吸收能量为25.7 J，远低于正常件的冲击吸收能量127.5 J；从而导致模具在服役过程中，在内腔侧应力集中处出现早期裂纹，裂纹产生后发生短暂的疲劳扩展，然后快速扩展直至断裂，造成模具件过早断裂失效。

The fracture morphology, metallurgical structure and impact toughness of failure parts and normal parts for hotworking die of 3Cr2W8V steel were observed and tested by SEM, EDS, metallographic microscope, impact testing machine and other analytical equipments. The test results show that the raw materials of die smelted improperly in the early stage results in serious segregation of elements, uneven tissue and appearing more banded carbides. At the same time, the improper operation of adding rare earth elements in the later stage of smelting causes the nonmetallic inclusions sort of B level to exceed, and the brittleness of material is significantly enhanced. However, the impact absorption energy of failure parts is 25.7 J, which is far lower than 127.5 J of the normal parts. Thus, when the die is in service, the early cracks appear at the stress concentration area on the inner cavity side of the die, and the shortterm fatigue expansion occurs after crack generation, and then rapidly expands until fracture to cause early failure of the die.

基金项目：

广东省省级科技计划项目（2016B020211004）

作者简介：吉国强(1984-)，男，硕士，工程师 E-mail：267266441@qq.com

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